:: (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> ([a], [a]) -package:rio

span, applied to a predicate p and a list xs, returns a tuple where first element is the longest prefix (possibly empty) of xs of elements that satisfy p and second element is the remainder of the list: span p xs is equivalent to (takeWhile p xs, dropWhile p xs), even if p is _|_.

Laziness

>>> span undefined []
([],[])

>>> fst (span (const False) undefined)
*** Exception: Prelude.undefined

>>> fst (span (const False) (undefined : undefined))
[]

>>> take 1 (fst (span (const True) (1 : undefined)))
[1]

span produces the first component of the tuple lazily:

>>> take 10 (fst (span (const True) [1..]))
[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]

Examples

>>> span (< 3) [1,2,3,4,1,2,3,4]
([1,2],[3,4,1,2,3,4])

>>> span (< 9) [1,2,3]
([1,2,3],[])

>>> span (< 0) [1,2,3]
([],[1,2,3])

break, applied to a predicate p and a list xs, returns a tuple where first element is longest prefix (possibly empty) of xs of elements that do not satisfy p and second element is the remainder of the list: break p is equivalent to span (not . p) and consequently to (takeWhile (not . p) xs, dropWhile (not . p) xs), even if p is _|_.

Laziness

>>> break undefined []
([],[])

>>> fst (break (const True) undefined)
*** Exception: Prelude.undefined

>>> fst (break (const True) (undefined : undefined))
[]

>>> take 1 (fst (break (const False) (1 : undefined)))
[1]

break produces the first component of the tuple lazily:

>>> take 10 (fst (break (const False) [1..]))
[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]

Examples

>>> break (> 3) [1,2,3,4,1,2,3,4]
([1,2,3],[4,1,2,3,4])

>>> break (< 9) [1,2,3]
([],[1,2,3])

>>> break (> 9) [1,2,3]
([1,2,3],[])

The partition function takes a predicate and a list, and returns the pair of lists of elements which do and do not satisfy the predicate, respectively; i.e.,

partition p xs == (filter p xs, filter (not . p) xs)

Examples

>>> partition (`elem` "aeiou") "Hello World!"
("eoo","Hll Wrld!")

>>> partition even [1..10]
([2,4,6,8,10],[1,3,5,7,9])

>>> partition (< 5) [1..10]
([1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8,9,10])

span, applied to a predicate p and a list xs, returns a tuple where first element is longest prefix (possibly empty) of xs of elements that satisfy p and second element is the remainder of the list:

>>> span (< 3) [1,2,3,4,1,2,3,4]
([1,2],[3,4,1,2,3,4])

>>> span (< 9) [1,2,3]
([1,2,3],[])

>>> span (< 0) [1,2,3]
([],[1,2,3])

span p xs is equivalent to (takeWhile p xs, dropWhile p xs)

break, applied to a predicate p and a list xs, returns a tuple where first element is longest prefix (possibly empty) of xs of elements that do not satisfy p and second element is the remainder of the list:

>>> break (> 3) [1,2,3,4,1,2,3,4]
([1,2,3],[4,1,2,3,4])

>>> break (< 9) [1,2,3]
([],[1,2,3])

>>> break (> 9) [1,2,3]
([1,2,3],[])

break p is equivalent to span (not . p).

Break, but from the end.

breakEnd isLower "youRE" == ("you","RE")
breakEnd isLower "youre" == ("youre","")
breakEnd isLower "YOURE" == ("","YOURE")
\f xs -> breakEnd (not . f) xs == spanEnd f  xs

Span, but from the end.

spanEnd isUpper "youRE" == ("you","RE")
spanEnd (not . isSpace) "x y z" == ("x y ","z")
\f xs -> uncurry (++) (spanEnd f xs) == xs
\f xs -> spanEnd f xs == swap (both reverse (span f (reverse xs)))

spanEnd p l == reverse (span p (reverse l)). The first list returns actually comes after the second list (when you look at the input list).

partition of GHC 6.2.1 fails on infinite lists. But this one does not.

It is Data.List.span f undefined = undefined, whereas span f undefined = (undefined, undefined).

It is Data.List.span f undefined = undefined, whereas span f undefined = (undefined, undefined).

Like break, but splits after the matching element.

forAllPredicates $ \p xs -> uncurry (++) (breakAfter p xs) == xs

forAllPredicates $ \p xs -> Rev.span p xs == swap (mapPair (reverse, reverse) (List.span p (reverse xs)))

forAllPredicates $ \p xs -> Rev.span p xs == (Rev.dropWhile p xs, Rev.takeWhile p xs)

\x xs pad -> defined $ Match.take (pad::[()]) $ fst $ Rev.span ((x::Char)/=) $ cycle $ x:xs

forAllPredicates $ \p xs -> Rev.span p xs == swap (mapPair (reverse, reverse) (List.span p (reverse xs)))

forAllPredicates $ \p xs -> Rev.span p xs == (Rev.dropWhile p xs, Rev.takeWhile p xs)

\x xs pad -> defined $ mapFst length $ Rev.span ((x::Char)/=) $ Match.replicate (pad::[()]) undefined ++ x:xs

Split is like break, but the matching element is dropped.

The partition function takes a predicate and a list, and returns the pair of lists of elements which do and do not satisfy the predicate, respectively; i.e.,

partition p xs == (filter p xs, filter (not . p) xs)

>>> partition (`elem` "aeiou") "Hello World!"
("eoo","Hll Wrld!")

break, applied to a predicate p and a list xs, returns a tuple where first element is longest prefix (possibly empty) of xs of elements that do not satisfy p and second element is the remainder of the list:

break (> 3) [1,2,3,4,1,2,3,4] == ([1,2,3],[4,1,2,3,4])
break (< 9) [1,2,3] == ([],[1,2,3])
break (> 9) [1,2,3] == ([1,2,3],[])

break p is equivalent to span (not . p).

span, applied to a predicate p and a list xs, returns a tuple where first element is longest prefix (possibly empty) of xs of elements that satisfy p and second element is the remainder of the list:

span (< 3) [1,2,3,4,1,2,3,4] == ([1,2],[3,4,1,2,3,4])
span (< 9) [1,2,3] == ([1,2,3],[])
span (< 0) [1,2,3] == ([],[1,2,3])

span p xs is equivalent to (takeWhile p xs, dropWhile p xs)

Breaks a list just after an element satisfying the predicate is found.

>>> breakAfter even [1,3,5,2,4,7,8]
([1,3,5,2],[4,7,8])

spanEnd p l == reverse (span p (reverse l)). Invariant: l == front ++ end where (end, front) = spanEnd p l (From package ghc, module Util.)