last

Extract the last element of a list, which must be finite and non-empty. WARNING: This function is partial. Consider using unsnoc instead.

Examples

>>> last [1, 2, 3]
3

>>> last [1..]
* Hangs forever *

>>> last []
*** Exception: Prelude.last: empty list

The last element of a non-empty structure.

>>> last (1 :| [2, 3, 4])
4

Extract the last element of the stream.

O(1) Extract the last element of a ByteString, which must be finite and non-empty. An exception will be thrown in the case of an empty ByteString. This is a partial function, consider using unsnoc instead.

O(1) Extract the last element of a packed string, which must be non-empty.

O(n/c) Extract the last element of a ByteString, which must be finite and non-empty. This is a partial function, consider using unsnoc instead.

O(1) Extract the last element of a ShortByteString, which must be finite and non-empty. An exception will be thrown in the case of an empty ShortByteString. This is a partial function, consider using unsnoc instead.

O(1) Returns the last character of a Text, which must be non-empty. This is a partial function, consider using unsnoc instead.

O(n) Returns the last character of a Stream Char, which must be non-empty. Properties

last . stream = last

O(n/c) Returns the last character of a Text, which must be non-empty. This is a partial function, consider using unsnoc instead.

Retrieve the last value in the stream, if present. Subject to fusion

Extract the last element of a list, which must be finite and non-empty.

>>> last [1, 2, 3]
3

>>> last [1..]
* Hangs forever *

>>> last []
*** Exception: Prelude.last: empty list

WARNING: This function is partial. You can use reverse with case-matching, uncons or listToMaybe instead.

Retrieve the last element from a Producer

Get the last element of a container or return Nothing if the container is empty

Get the last byte of a byte stream or return Nothing if the byte stream is empty

Get the last element of a non-empty container

Get the last character of a text stream or return Nothing if the text stream is empty

Extract the last element of a list, which must be finite and non-empty.

>>> last [1, 2, 3]
3

>>> last [1..]
* Hangs forever *

>>> last []
*** Exception: Prelude.last: empty list

WARNING: This function is partial. Consider using unsnoc instead.

O(n). Extracts the last element of a NonEmpty list. Actual type of this function is the following:

last :: NonEmpty a -> a

but it was given a more complex type to provide friendlier compile time errors.

>>> last ('a' :| "bcde")
'e'

>>> last [0..5 :: Int]
...
... 'last' works with 'NonEmpty', not ordinary lists.
Possible fix:
Replace: [Int]
With:    NonEmpty Int
...
However, you can use 'last' with the ordinary lists.
Apply 'viaNonEmpty' function from relude:
viaNonEmpty last (yourList)
Note, that this will return 'Maybe Int'
therefore it is a safe function unlike 'last' from the standard Prelude
...

>>> last (Just 'a')
...
... 'last' works with 'NonEmpty Char' lists
But given: Maybe Char
...

O(n/c) Extract the last element of a ByteString, which must be finite and non-empty.

O(1) Extract the last element of a ByteString, which must be finite and non-empty. An exception will be thrown in the case of an empty ByteString.

Extract the last element of a list, which must be finite and non-empty.

O(n/c) Returns the last character of a Text, which must be non-empty. Subject to fusion.