map f s is the set obtained by applying
f to each element of s.
It's worth noting that the size of the result may be smaller if, for
some (x,y), x /= y && f x == f y
map f s is the set obtained by applying
f to each element of s.
If f is monotonically non-decreasing, this function takes
<math> time.
It's worth noting that the size of the result may be smaller if, for
some (x,y), x /= y && f x == f y