normalize package:dns

Perform both normalizeCase and normalizeRoot on the given Domain. When comparing DNS names taken from user input, this is often necessary to avoid unexpected results. Examples:

>>> let domain1 = BS.pack "ExAmPlE.COM"

>>> let domain2 = BS.pack "example.com."

>>> domain1 == domain2
False

>>> normalize domain1 == normalize domain2
True

The normalize function should be idempotent:

>>> normalize (normalize domain1) == normalize domain1
True

Ensure that we don't crash on the empty Domain:

>>> import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as BS

>>> normalize BS.empty
"."

Normalize the case of the given DNS name for comparisons. According to RFC #1035, "For all parts of the DNS that are part of the official protocol, all comparisons between character strings (e.g., labels, domain names, etc.) are done in a case-insensitive manner." This function chooses to lowercase its argument, but that should be treated as an implementation detail if at all possible. Examples:

>>> let domain1 = BS.pack "ExAmPlE.COM"

>>> let domain2 = BS.pack "exAMPle.com"

>>> domain1 == domain2
False

>>> normalizeCase domain1 == normalizeCase domain2
True

The normalizeCase function should be idempotent:

>>> normalizeCase (normalizeCase domain2) == normalizeCase domain2
True

Ensure that we don't crash on the empty Domain:

>>> import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as BS

>>> normalizeCase BS.empty
""

Normalize the given name by appending a trailing dot (the DNS root) if one does not already exist. Warning: this does not produce an equivalent DNS name! However, users are often unaware of the effect that the absence of the root will have. In user interface design, it may therefore be wise to act as if the user supplied the trailing dot during comparisons. Per RFC #1034, "Since a complete domain name ends with the root label, this leads to a printed form which ends in a dot. We use this property to distinguish between:

• a character string which represents a complete domain name (often called 'absolute'). For example, 'poneria.ISI.EDU.'
• a character string that represents the starting labels of a domain name which is incomplete, and should be completed by local software using knowledge of the local domain (often called 'relative'). For example, 'poneria' used in the ISI.EDU domain.

Relative names are either taken relative to a well known origin, or to a list of domains used as a search list. Relative names appear mostly at the user interface, where their interpretation varies from implementation to implementation, and in master files, where they are relative to a single origin domain name." Examples:

>>> let domain1 = BS.pack "example.com"

>>> let domain2 = BS.pack "example.com."

>>> domain1 == domain2
False

>>> normalizeRoot domain1 == normalizeRoot domain2
True

The normalizeRoot function should be idempotent:

>>> normalizeRoot (normalizeRoot domain1) == normalizeRoot domain1
True

Ensure that we don't crash on the empty Domain:

>>> import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as BS

>>> normalizeRoot BS.empty
"."